A Proposed Method to Explore the Use of Transducer Technology for Non-Invasive Assessments of Honeybee Colony Status in (Semi)Field Studies

SETAC-EU 2021 -- Honeybee toxicity studies are an essential requirement in today's regulatory climate. In particular, field and semi-field trials are very high value Terrestrial Ecotoxicology study types that continue to be in ever-increasing demand from global customers. Data collection for these studies is time consuming and very labour-intensive, and observations require the most invasive procedure: the regular deconstruction of the nest for visual observations, and even then still only offer a brief snapshot of the internal status of the colony.